Cancer Therapy & Radiation Oncology

Precision Radiotherapy and Adaptive Treatment Planning

Precision radiotherapy represents a transformative approach in modern oncology, emphasizing accurate tumor targeting while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. Advances in imaging, motion management, and treatment planning algorithms now enable clinicians to tailor radiation doses according to tumor geometry, biological characteristics, and patient-specific anatomy. Adaptive treatment planning further enhances this precision by allowing modifications to radiation delivery based on anatomical or biological changes observed during the treatment course. Daily imaging technologies, including cone-beam CT and MRI-based systems, support real-time decision-making and dose recalculation. This dynamic strategy reduces toxicity and improves tumor control probability, especially in cancers affected by organ motion such as lung, prostate, and gastrointestinal malignancies. Integration of functional imaging and radiomics enables biologically guided dose painting, targeting resistant tumor subregions. Automation and artificial intelligence are also optimizing contouring and plan adaptation, reducing workflow variability and enhancing reproducibility. Precision radiotherapy contributes to shorter treatment durations, improved patient comfort, and better long-term outcomes. Ongoing research explores biomarkers for adaptive triggers, response-based escalation strategies, and integration with systemic therapies. As healthcare systems move toward personalized oncology, precision and adaptive radiotherapy are central to improving survival, quality of life, and global standards of cancer care delivery.