Cancer Therapy & Radiation Oncology

There are numerous types of cancer, each originating in different tissues or organs. The most common types include breast cancer, which develops in breast tissue, and lung cancer, often caused by smoking or environmental factors. Skin cancer, such as melanoma, arises from skin cells. Prostate cancer affects the male reproductive system, while colorectal cancer targets the colon or rectum. Liver, kidney, pancreatic, and stomach cancers affect various abdominal organs, while sarcomas originate in bones or connective tissues. Head and neck cancers develop in the throat, nose, or mouth. Leukemia and lymphoma are blood cancers affecting the immune system. Gynecologic cancers, including ovarian and cervical cancers, specifically affect women’s reproductive organs. Understanding these types helps guide diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Cancer prevention involves strategies to reduce the risk of developing cancer. Key measures include adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption. Vaccinations, like those against human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B, can protect against certain cancers. Regular screenings and early detection, such as mammograms and colonoscopies, help identify cancers at an early, more treatable stage. Additionally, protecting skin from excessive sun exposure and managing environmental and occupational risks are important. These proactive measures collectively contribute to reducing cancer incidence and improving overall health.

Oncology is a branch of medicine focused on the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer. There are various types of cancer, including breast cancer, skin cancer, and organ-specific cancers. Cancer biology examines the molecular and cellular changes that cause cancer, while cancer treatment encompasses surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. COVID-19 significantly impacted cancer care by delaying diagnosis and treatments. AI in cancer improves diagnosis, imaging, and treatment precision. Cancer epidemiology studies cancer patterns in populations. Pediatric and neuro-oncology address cancers in children and the brain, respectively. Imaging and biomarkers aid in early detection. Robotic oncology and radiation oncology are advancing treatment techniques. The cancer drug market continues to expand, with a focus on targeted therapies and new pharmacological developments.

The branch of Oncology dealing with Radiation therapy is defined as Radiation Oncology. Radiation oncology is a medical field that involves the organized use of radiation to treat cancer either for treatment or to reduce pain and signs caused by cancer. Radiation Oncology encompasses all aspects of research that impacts on the diagnosis of cancer using radiation. Radiation can be given as a curative modality, in combination with surgery or chemotherapy. The Radiation therapy is broadly segmented into Tele Radiotherapy, Brachy-radiotherapy and Metabolic Radiotherapy. There are three unique Radiology expert professions which are involved in exercise of radiation oncology 1. Radiation Oncologists 2. Radiation Therapists 3. Radiation Oncology Medical Physicists. These highly qualified medical consultants who use advanced tools on Cancer patients to deliver safe and effective radiation therapy with few side effects as possible.

Recent advancements in breast cancer research have opened new horizons in treatment and understanding. Innovations like targeted therapies and immunotherapies are transforming treatment outcomes by attacking cancer cells more precisely and effectively. Additionally, advancements in early detection methods, such as liquid biopsies and imaging technologies, offer improved chances for early intervention and better prognoses. These developments signify a hopeful shift towards more personalized and effective treatments, aiming to enhance survival rates and quality of life for breast cancer patients.

Cancer personalized medicine tailors treatment to the individual characteristics of a patient’s cancer, based on their genetic makeup and the specific mutations driving the disease. This approach contrasts with one-size-fits-all treatments like chemotherapy. By analyzing the genetic profile of a tumor, doctors can identify targeted therapies, such as drugs that inhibit cancer-specific mutations, making treatments more effective and reducing side effects. Personalized medicine includes techniques like genomic testing, which guides treatment choices, and precision therapies, such as targeted therapies or immunotherapies. This approach is especially useful in cancers like breast, lung, and colorectal, where specific mutations can be identified and treated.

Diagnostics plays an important role throughout Cancer treatment. Before treatment, to accurately locate Tumours, stage the disease, and determine an appropriate combination of cancer diagnosis. Diagnostics are used to track the size of the tumour, progression of the disease, and patient response to treatment, and modify your treatment accordingly. To confirm the diagnosis of most cancers, a liquid Biopsy needs is to be performed in which a tissue sample is removed from the tumour which occurred initially and studied under a microscope for detecting cancer cells. Endoscopy can be done by implanting a flexible plastic tube with a minute camera into body cavities or organs. Cancer Screening tests are used to detect the possibility of tumour cells which is present before symptoms occur. To identify cancer at its initial stage, different types of diagnostic tests are used to Screen at-risk individuals, Monitor treatment efficacy and disease progression or recurrence, Predict prognosis and direct treatment, Monitor an asymptomatic population for the early discovery of cancer, Earlier detection and treatment consequently drops cancer mortality, Diagnose a primary cancer and recognize the cancer subtype after whole cancer treatment, to display for any signs of metastasis or recurrence.

Cancer or its dealings can lower your resistance to infection and make you more likely to catch the other diseases. There are many diverse types of cancer drugs. Some medications can treat cancer and the others help to dismiss symptoms such as aching and sickness. The type of drugs you need to use for cure of your cancer depends on what type of cancer you have. Drug therapies work in various ways to extinguish cancer cells and discontinue them from diffusion or slow down their progress. Anticancer drugs or anticancer agents are used in Cancer. Drugs may also be used to decrease or relieve side effects of cancer and its treatment.

Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or avoid a disease or illness. Stem Cells and Tumours cancer cells also have the characteristic which is also associated with normal stems cells. Stem Cell Therapy is using to prevent the disease. Stems cells transplant is used to treatment of cancer like leukaemia, multiple myeloma & lymphoma. Cord Blood Stem and Cancer cord blood contains haematopoietic (blood) stem cell. They have long been used in stem cell treatments for leukaemia, blood and bone marrow disorders when chemotherapy is used.

Cancer immunology is a division of immunology that studies deals between the immune system and cancer cells. It is an arena of exploration that aims to ascertain cancer immunotherapies to treat and delay progression of the infection. Immunotherapies can be characterized as active, passive or hybrid (active and passive). The immune response, comprising the recognition of cancer-specific antigens, methods the basis of targeted therapy (such as vaccines and antibody therapies) and tumour marker-based diagnostic tests.